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【目的】 调查上海市 7岁以下儿童听力障碍现患情况及原因探索。 【方法】 用测听仪器检测受调查儿童。 【结果】 听力障碍的现患率为 3 .43‰。市区以中、轻度为多 ,郊县以重度以上为主 (P <0 .0 5 )。 <3岁以重度以上为多 ,≥ 3岁以轻度为主 (P <0 .0 5 )。致小儿听力障碍的危险因素主要是曾用过耳毒性药物和婴幼儿期曾患疾病史 (包括头颅外伤、反复上呼吸道感染和渗出性中耳炎 )。 【结论】 要进一步健全全市听力筛查网络 ,提高检测水平、尤其是郊县。儿童应禁用耳毒性药物 ;对有既往疾病史的高危儿童 ,要重点进行听力检测 ,做到早发现、早干预 ,早期康复。
【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in children under 7 years of age in Shanghai. 【Method】 The audiometry was used to test the children under investigation. 【Results】 The prevalence of hearing impairment was 3.43 ‰. The urban area is medium and mild, while the suburbs are mainly heavy (P <0.05). <3 years old with more than severe, ≥ 3 years old with mild (P <0. 05). The major risk factors for hearing-impaired children are those with ototoxic drugs and a history of childhood illness (including head trauma, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and exudative otitis media). 【Conclusion】 To further improve the city’s hearing screening network and improve the detection level, especially in suburban counties. Children should be disabled ototoxic drugs; for those with a history of previous high-risk children, we must focus on hearing tests, early detection, early intervention, early rehabilitation.