目的　了解农村社区精神分裂症患者主要照料者 (以下简称照料者 )的生活质量和社会支持状况及二者关系。方法　应用 1∶1配比研究方法 ,采用世界卫生组织生活质量量表中文版简表 (WHOQOL -BREF)及社会支持评定量表 (SSRS) ,对 10 8名照料者与对照组进行直接调查研究。结果　研究组的生活质量在生理、心理、社会关系及环境等领域 ,其社会支持利用度及主观支持都比对照组差 (P <0 0 1) ;生活质量与社会支持状况有关。结论　在农村社区 ,照顾精神分裂症患者会给照料者生活质量带来不良影响。同时 ,照料者缺乏社会支持的情况亦不容忽视。 Objective To understand the quality of life and social support of primary caregivers (hereinafter referred to as caregivers) in rural communities with schizophrenia and their relationship. Methods The 1:1 ratio study method was used. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to conduct a direct survey of 108 caregivers and controls. . Results The quality of life of the study group was in the areas of physiology, psychology, social relations and environment. The social support utilization and subjective support were worse than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The quality of life was related to the status of social support. Conclusion In rural communities, caring for schizophrenia patients will have a negative impact on the caregivers’ quality of life. At the same time, caregivers’ lack of social support cannot be ignored.