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二维材料是指厚度在纳米尺度,且在两个维度(长和宽)具有较大尺寸的材料。与块体材料相比,二维材料最大的特点是具有极高的表面/体积比,有利于传质、传热和离子扩散,因而在吸附、催化以及储能等领域有广泛的应用。近年来,随着石墨烯引发的二维材料研究浪潮,二维炭基多孔材料成为全世界关注的研究热点。而二维炭基材料的孔结构是影响其性能的关键因素。本文介绍了近年来二维炭基多孔材料的合成方法,包括炭纳米片及炭-无机复合纳米片的制备,讨论了制备条件对材料孔结构的影响。在此基础上,着重介绍了二维炭基材料在吸附、多相催化及储能方面的应用。最后,对新型炭基二维材料开发中仍存在的关键科学问题进行了总结和展望。
A two-dimensional material refers to a material that has a thickness on the nanometer scale and has a larger size in both dimensions (length and width). Compared with bulk materials, the biggest feature of two-dimensional materials is the extremely high surface / volume ratio, which is conducive to mass transfer, heat transfer and ion diffusion, and therefore has wide applications in the fields of adsorption, catalysis and energy storage. In recent years, with the wave of graphene-initiated two-dimensional materials research, two-dimensional carbon-based porous materials become the focus of attention worldwide. The pore structure of two-dimensional carbon-based materials is a key factor affecting its performance. In this paper, the synthesis methods of two-dimensional carbon-based porous materials in recent years are introduced, including the preparation of carbon nanosheets and carbon-inorganic composite nanosheets. The influence of preparation conditions on the pore structure of the materials is also discussed. On this basis, the applications of two-dimensional carbon-based materials in adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis and energy storage are emphatically introduced. Finally, the key scientific issues still existing in the development of new carbon-based two-dimensional materials are summarized and prospected.