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水稻产量事关粮食安全,对水稻高产基因的进一步挖掘意义重大。本研究采用花药培养技术,构建了包含101个株系的中嘉早17×D50的加倍单倍体群体(DH群体)。考察海南陵水、浙江杭州高产田块和杭州山区低产田块3种种植环境下DH群体各株系、亲本中嘉早17和D50的有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率以及千粒重等产量相关性状,同时构建DH群体的遗传连锁图谱。QTL定位分析表明,3种种植环境下共检测到74个具有显著加性效应的QTL,其贡献率变幅为3.7%~43.2%,分布于水稻12条染色体。其中,qPH1-1和qFLL12在3种种植环境下均被检测到,其贡献率分别为8.9%、24.2%、43.2%和16.6%、17.9%、18.9%。此外,qPH3、qFLL10-2、qFLW11-1、qPL11、qGNP11、qSSR3以及qTGW5-17个QTL在其中2种种植环境下被同时检测到,其贡献率变幅为7.4%~42.2%。QTL×环境互作分析表明,仅qPH1-1、qFLW2、qEPP1和qTGW5-14个QTL存在显著的加性×环境互作效应。进一步对qTGW5-1定位区间所包含的GW5测序分析表明,高产株系和低产株系的GW5等位基因分别来自亲本中嘉早17和D50,这与检测到的qTGW5-1的加性效应来自亲本中嘉早17相符。本研究为今后水稻产量相关基因的进一步挖掘以及借助分子聚合育种培育超高产品种提供了理论依据和技术支撑。
Rice production is related to food security and is of great significance to the further excavation of high-yielding rice genes. In this study, an anther culture technique was used to construct a 17 × D50 doubled haploid population (DH population) containing 101 lines. The results showed that the effective spikes, grains per spike, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of all the DH population lines, parents Zhongjia 17 and D50 under the three planting environments of highland yielding land in Hangzhou, Zhejiang and Hangzhou, Related traits, while building a genetic linkage map of the DH population. QTL mapping analysis showed that a total of 74 QTLs with significant additive effects were detected in three planting environments, with a contribution rate of 3.7% -43.2%, distributed in 12 rice chromosomes. Among them, qPH1-1 and qFLL12 were detected in three kinds of planting environments, and their contribution rates were 8.9%, 24.2%, 43.2% and 16.6%, 17.9% and 18.9% respectively. In addition, qTL3, qFLL10-2, qFLW11-1, qPL11, qGNP11, qSSR3 and qTGW5-17 QTLs were detected simultaneously in two kinds of planting environments, and their contribution rate ranged from 7.4% to 42.2%. QTL × environment interaction analysis showed that only QPH1-1, qFLW2, qEPP1 and qTGW5-14 QTLs had significant additive × environment interaction effects. Further analysis of the GW5 sequence contained in the qTGW5-1 locus showed that the GW5 alleles of the high-yield and low-yield lines were derived from the parents Zhongjiazao17 and D50, respectively, which is additive to the detected qTGW5-1 additive effect 17 parents in the early match. This study provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the further excavation of rice-related genes and the breeding of super high-yield varieties by molecular polymerization.