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针对四川白肋烟杂交种达白1号、达白2号和达白3号烟碱转化株比例和烟碱转化率高的问题,采用转化株早期诱导鉴定和选择技术对其亲本进行改良,培育出改良杂交种达白1号NN、达白2号NN、达白3号NN,并探讨了其增质减害效果。经过2代定向选择后,转化问题较为突出的父本材料达所26和达所27的转化株比例,分别由53.2%和96.0%降低到5%以下和12%以下;3个改良杂交种晾制后混合烟叶样品的烟碱转化率分别为3.0%、2.2%和2.63%,分别比相应常规种的10.89%、7.62%和51.81%降低72.5%、71.1%和94.9%。总烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNA)含量比相应常规杂交种分别降低38.5%、29.2%和50.8%,N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)含量比相应常规杂交种分别降低61.3%、49.6%和71.0%。改良杂交种香味品质明显改善,表现为烟叶风格程度增加,香气质、香气量提高,杂气减少。改良杂交种生物碱组成得到优化,增质减害效果明显,具有较大的推广利用价值。
In order to solve the problem of high ratio of nicotine conversion rate and nicotine conversion rate of burley tobacco hybrids Dabai 1, Dabai 2 and Dabai 3 in Sichuan province, the improved induction and selection of transformants was used to improve their parents. The improved hybrids Dabai 1NN, Dabai 2NN and Dabai 3NN were cultivated, and the effects of increasing and decreasing harm were discussed. After two generations of selective selection, the proportion of transformants with the highest transformative phenotypic changes in parental materials, Dasuo 26 and Dasuo 27, decreased from 53.2% and 96.0% to below 5% and below 12% respectively. Three improved hybrids The nicotine conversion rates of the post-mixed tobacco samples were 3.0%, 2.2% and 2.63%, respectively, which were reduced by 72.5%, 71.1% and 94.9% respectively compared with the corresponding conventional species of 10.89%, 7.62% and 51.81%. The content of TSNA decreased by 38.5%, 29.2% and 50.8%, respectively, compared with that of the corresponding conventional hybrids. The content of N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) decreased by 61.3% and 49.6% And 71.0%. The quality of improved hybrids significantly improved the quality of the performance of tobacco leaves increased the degree of flavor, aroma, increase the amount of gas reduced. The improved alkaloid composition of hybrids is optimized, with significant increase in quality and harm reduction, with greater promotion and utilization value.