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利用2010年7月至2011年6月南京站逐日平均气压、日平均气温、日最高及最低气温、平均相对湿度、降水量、平均风速、日照时数资料计算了该站综合气象干旱指数,用中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所及南京信息工程大学干旱监测联合科学试验站2010年10月至2011年6月逐日实时降水量、及10～100 cm土壤含水量资料计算了土壤相对湿润指数,将它们与试验站各土壤层水分含量变化进行对比分析,结果表明:2010/2011年冬春季,南京地区发生了严重的气象干旱,2010年11月5日开始出现轻旱,11月12日达到中旱,28日达重旱,此后维持在中到特旱之间;土壤相对湿度在11月13日达到中旱,在2011年5月2日,气象连续特旱15 d后,土壤达到重旱;气象干旱与农业干旱变化趋势整体上一致,但气象干旱程度更严重,且农业干旱开始和缓解时间比气象上滞后1～3 d,干旱发展滞后5 d以上;气象及表层土壤对降水敏感性较高,而中层土壤干旱过程持续性较好;此外,干旱由表层向深层传递,当气象干旱持续时间达到50～60 d时,土壤由深层向上补充水分。
Based on daily average pressure, daily average temperature, daily maximum and minimum temperature, average relative humidity, precipitation, average wind speed and sunshine duration data of Nanjing Station from July 2010 to June 2011, the integrated meteorological drought index The relative humidity index of soils was calculated by the real-time precipitation daily from October 2010 to June 2011 by the Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, and the data of soil moisture at 10 ~ 100 cm from October 2010 to June 2011, The results showed that the winter / spring / winter 2010-2011 was a severe meteorological drought in Nanjing area, light drought began to occur on November 5, 2010 and reached the middle of November 12 The drought reached a severe drought on the 28th and remained moderate to moderate thereafter. The soil relative humidity reached the moderate drought on November 13, and on May 2, 2011, the soil reached a severe drought after 15 days of continuous severe weather ; Meteorological drought and the trend of agricultural drought are generally the same, but the degree of meteorological drought is more serious, and the onset and mitigation time of agricultural drought lags behind that of meteorological lag 1-3 days, and the development of drought lags behind more than 5 days; meteorological and surface soil pairs High water sensitivity, the middle layer is preferably continuous during soil drought; Furthermore, arid transmitted from the surface to the depth, when the meteorological drought duration reaches 50 ~ 60 d, the soil deep hydration up.