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目的探讨青年高血压病患者的临床特点。方法选择2013年1月1日至~2014年6月30日在本院心内科门诊就诊的青年原发性高血压病患者(<45岁)157例,并选择同期健康查体青年311例作为对照组,分析患者临床及心电图特点。结果青年高血压组患者平均病史(5.2±3.6)年,按收缩压分级,1、2、3级高血压患者所占比例分别为37.8%、52.3%和4.8%,单纯舒张压升高占5.1%。高血压组患者无高血压相关症状者87例(29%),有家族史者112例(71.3%),超重患者80例(50.9%),代谢综合征患者52例(33.1%)。与健康青年比较,青年高血压患者的体质量指数、腰围、血清糖化血红蛋白、尿酸、脑钠肽、室间隔/左室后壁厚度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。82例(52.2%)患者有心电图ST-T改变,RV5、RV5+SV1与对照组比较有显著性差异,平均心率、PR间期、P波时限、QT及QTc间期两组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论青年高血压患者多以无症状高血压和舒张压升高为特点,超重和代谢综合征患者较正常人群增多,心电图左心室高电压较正常人群增多。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of young hypertensive patients. Methods A total of 157 young patients with essential hypertension (<45 years old) who were admitted to our cardiology department from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014 were enrolled and 311 healthy young patients Control group, analysis of clinical and ECG characteristics of patients. Results The average history of hypertension in young patients was (5.2 ± 3.6) years, according to systolic blood pressure classification, the proportion of patients with hypertension of type 1, 2 and 3 were 37.8%, 52.3% and 4.8% respectively, and the increase of diastolic blood pressure was 5.1 %. There were 87 cases (29%) of hypertensive patients without hypertension related symptoms, 112 cases (71.3%) with family history, 80 cases (50.9%) with overweight and 52 cases (33.1%) with metabolic syndrome. Body mass index, waist circumference, serum glycated hemoglobin, uric acid, brain natriuretic peptide, and ventricular septum / left ventricular posterior wall thickness in young hypertensive patients were significantly different from those in healthy youth (P <0.05). There were significant differences in ECG, RV5, RV5 + SV1 between the two groups in 82 patients (52.2%). The mean heart rate, PR interval, P wave duration, QT and QTc interval between the two groups showed no difference Statistical significance. Conclusion Most of hypertensive patients are characterized by asymptomatic hypertension and diastolic blood pressure. Patients with overweight and metabolic syndrome are more likely than normal people, and their LV left ventricular voltage is higher than that of normal people.