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作为十八世纪的美学家和反现代主义者,维柯的诗学思想不仅是对原始思维中的想象特质的发现,更是对现代性问题的全面反思。正是从反思启蒙理性主义哲学的视角出发,维柯才发现了原始思维的诗性特质,并通过诗性思维创建的古代文化对现代性问题进行修正。在此意义上,维柯的诗学思想可以说是一种以文化人类学为核心,蕴含强烈人文关怀的历史诗学。通过对维柯的历史诗学的考察,能使我们避免因抽象理性的膨胀而导致的文化危机,更好地推动现代文化建设。辨证地来看,维柯的历史诗学并不仅仅具有反现代性之维,更具有新启蒙价值,它以对早期启蒙思想的批判与反省的方式,为我们开启了一种新启蒙的思想路径。
As an esthetician and an anti-modernist in the eighteenth century, Vico’s poetic thinking is not only the discovery of the idiosyncrasies in the primitive thinking but also the holistic reflection on the issue of modernity. It is from the perspective of the reflection of the enlightenment rationalist philosophy that Vico discovered the poetic qualities of primitive thinking and amended the issue of modernity through the ancient culture created by poetic thinking. In this sense, Vico’s poetic thinking can be regarded as a kind of historical poetics with cultural anthropology as its core and strong humanistic concern. Through the investigation of Vico’s historical poetics, we can avoid the cultural crisis caused by the expansion of abstract reason and better promote the construction of modern culture. Dialectically, Vico’s historical poetics not only has the dimension of anti-modernity, but also has the value of new enlightenment. It opens up a new enlightenment thought to us by means of criticizing and reflecting on early enlightenment thoughts path.