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在国际和国内发展理论学界,拉美通常被当作发展失败的典型,东亚则被当作成功的范例。基于对二者的比较,产生了一些发展理论,其中包括颇有影响的比较优势理论和威权发展理论。通过对二战后拉美和东亚发展经历的比较,本文提出一种新的发展假说:一个国家或地区同时拥有机会平等和经济自由才能取得发展成功,而能否拥有这两个条件,又取决于其权力结构。拉美和东亚在权力结构和机会平等上的差异是决定其发展成败的关键。本文据此指出了上述两种理论的不足,并提出了对“中国奇迹”的全新解读。
Latin America is often regarded as a model of development failure in both international and domestic development scholarship, and East Asia is cited as a success story. Based on a comparison of the two, a number of development theories have emerged, including influential comparative advantage theories and authoritarian development theories. By comparing the development experiences of Latin America and East Asia after World War II, this article proposes a new hypothesis of development: a country or region can have successful development of both equality of opportunity and freedom of economy. Whether it can have both of these conditions depends on its Power structure. The differences between Latin America and East Asia in power structure and equality of opportunity are the keys to determining the success or failure of their development. This article points out the deficiencies of the above two theories and puts forward a brand new interpretation of “China’s Miracle.”