本文就古罗马史学家阿庇安所记罗马共和晚期内战的某些定性提出异议 ,就恩格斯所言内战“即为土地所有权进行的”提出质疑。本文略论了战争的起源 ,界定了战争与冲突的区别 ,内战的涵义。格拉古兄弟的土地改革为的是土地占有权、分配权、使用权 ,而不是所有权。格拉古兄弟之死 ,萨特宁之亡 ,德鲁苏被杀 ,只能谓之为冲突 ,不可定为内战。意大利人的同盟战争 ,西西里岛奴隶起义 ,斯巴达克起义 ,都属于内战 ,但是为争取公民权、人身自由权 ,不是为争取土地所有权。苏拉和马略 ,凯撒与庞培 ,安东尼与屋大维先后的内战 ,是争夺独裁者宝座 ,是奴隶主统治集团争权夺位而引发 ,更不是为争夺土地所有权 This dissertation argues against some of the qualitative determinations of the late Civil War in the late Roman republics by the ancient Roman historian Abingan and questioned Engels’s assertion that the civil war “that is, the conduct of land ownership.” This article briefly discusses the origin of war, defines the difference between war and conflict, and the meaning of civil war. The agrarian brothers’ agrarian land reform took the form of land ownership, distribution rights, tenure rights, not ownership rights. The death of the Gelagu brothers, the death of Sartin, Drewsu killed, can only be called a conflict, not as a civil war. The Italian alliance war, the Sicilian slave revolt and the Spartak uprising belong to the civil war. However, for the sake of obtaining civil and personal rights, it is not for securing land ownership. The successive civil wars between Saurer and Marceau, Caesar and Pompeii, and Anthony and Octavian were triggered by the dominance of the dictatorship and by the domination by the slave-ruling ruling clique, not to fight for land ownership