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为了了解汉语学习者和汉语母语者在语用意识方面的差异,本文通过情景调查和可能性调查,设计了一份调查问卷,对在中国学习汉语的外国留学生和汉语母语者进行了元语用意识的调查,包括情景中说话双方的地位(power)、关系(distance)和所涉及事情的请求度(imposition)三个因素。结果发现学习者和母语者对地位判断的差异性最小,对请求度的判断差异最大。调查结果对理解学习者的语用失误和汉语作为第二语言教学都有帮助。
In order to understand the differences in pragmatic awareness between Chinese learners and native speakers, this paper designed a questionnaire to investigate the situation of students and native speakers of Chinese, Awareness surveys include three factors, power, distance, and imposition of the involved things in the scenario. The results show that learners and native speakers have the lowest discrepancy of status judgment and the largest discrepancy of requests. The findings are helpful for understanding learners’ pragmatic failure and teaching Chinese as a second language.