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对3种花色野鸢尾进行形态性状变异及染色体核型分析,结果表明:蓝紫色花野鸢尾的变异系数为10.47%~65.16%,黄色花野鸢尾的变异系数为4.46%~45.95%,白色花野鸢尾的变异系数为3.95%~55.43%。蓝紫色、黄色和白色3种花色野鸢尾的颜色差异明显;开花时间分别为15:00、14:00、16:00,闭合时间分别为19:30、19:00、20:00;3种花色野鸢尾的分蘖数和种子数差异不显著,花冠幅、外花被长、内花被宽、果实长等13个性状存在显著差异。蓝紫色花野鸢尾的核型公式为2n=2x=32=12sm+20m,核型类型为1B;黄色花野鸢尾的核型公式为2n=2x=32=6sm+26m,核型类型为1A;白色花野鸢尾的核型公式为2n=2x=32=8sm+24m,核型类型为2B;黄色花野鸢尾的核型为国内、外首次报道。探讨了3种花色野鸢尾的亲缘关系,初步推测黄色花和白色花为蓝紫色花的种内变异。
The morphological traits and karyotype analysis of three species of Iris indica showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) was 10.47% -65.16% for Iris indica and 4.46% -45.95% for Iris indicus, The coefficient of variation was 3.95% ~ 55.43%. The colors of blue iris, yellow and white were different obviously. The flowering time was 15:00, 14:00 and 16:00 respectively, and the closing time was 19:30, 19:00 and 20:00 respectively There was no significant difference in the number of tillers and the number of seeds between wild Iris and Iris. There were significant differences in 13 traits such as corolla width, outer perianth length, inner perianth width and long fruit length. The karyotype of blue iris flower is 2n = 2x = 32 = 12sm + 20m, and the karyotype is 1B. The karyotype of blue iris flower is 2n = 2x = 32 = 6sm + 26m and the karyotype is 1A; The karyotype of Iris indica was 2n = 2x = 32 = 8sm + 24m, and the karyotype was 2B. The karyotype of Iris indica was first reported both at home and abroad. In this paper, the genetic relationship of three species of Iris indica was discussed, and the intraspecific variation of the yellow flower and the white one was found.