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生物煤层气技术(BCTG)是一种新型的煤的生物转化技术,它主要以地下煤层中的挥发分为生物原料,运用化学和工程手段,激活并促进煤层中产甲烷菌的生长和代谢,通过微生物作用将煤中的小分子有机化合物转化为甲烷,人为实现在煤层“造气”。该技术的工艺核心在于通过泵使煤层水在注射井和产气井之间循环流动,在循环煤层水中加注营养液。相比传统的煤制天然气技术,生物煤层气技术具有生产成本低、安全、环保、对原生煤层利用率高、能耗少等优势,而且该技术特别适用于褐煤等低阶煤。生物煤层气技术的研究工作起步于国外,中国近几年才开始对该技术进行有针对性的研究。2012年在云南玉溪华宁开展试验工程项目,已经顺利实现产气。云南省计划未来5~10年开发建设不少于1000个生物煤层气生产单元,预计年产气量不少于20×108m3,实现工业产值50亿元。中国具备发展生物煤层气的有利条件,丰富的褐煤资源为该技术的广泛应用提供了一个宽广的平台,政府对煤层气产业的政策性支持为其营造了良好的发展环境,对天然气需求的日益增长为该技术的发展提供了保障。
Biocatalysis (BCTG) is a new type of coal biotransformation technology that uses chemical and engineering methods to activate and promote the growth and metabolism of methanogenic bacteria in coal seams by mainly using the volatiles in the underground coal seams as biological raw materials. Microbial action of small organic compounds in coal into methane, artificially realized in the coal “gas ”. The core technology of the technology lies in circulating coal seam water through injection pump and gas production wells by pump, and feeding nutrient solution into circulating coal seam water. Compared with the traditional coal-to-natural gas technology, the biological CBM technology has the advantages of low production cost, safety and environmental protection, high utilization rate of primary coal seam and low energy consumption, and is especially suitable for low-rank coal such as lignite. Biological CBM technology research started in foreign countries, China in recent years began to conduct a targeted study of the technology. In 2012, Yining Huaying, Yunnan pilot project to carry out gas production has been successfully achieved. Yunnan plans to develop and construct at least 1,000 biological coalbed methane production units in the next 5 to 10 years. It is estimated that annual gas production will be not less than 20 × 108 m3 and industrial output will reach 5 billion yuan. China has favorable conditions for the development of biogenic CBM. Rich lignite resources provide a broad platform for the widespread application of this technology. The government’s policy support for the CBM industry has created a favorable environment for its development. Increasing demand for natural gas Growth has provided a guarantee for the development of this technology.