聚合酶链反应（PCR）用于临床病原微生物检测的质量控制包括室内质量控制和室间质量评价，室内质控的核心问题就是要避免交叉污染，这首先要求有严格的实验室管理和训练有素的操作人员，此外设立阴、阳性对照以及PCR结果的准确判读都是有效的必不可少的室内质控措施。室间质量评价国外只是近几年才开始的一项工作，本文亦对其作了简略的介绍。 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quality control for clinical pathogenic microbiological testing includes both in-house quality control and in-house quality assessment. The core problem with indoor quality control is to avoid cross-contamination, which first requires rigorous laboratory management and well-trained Of operators, in addition to the establishment of negative, positive control and accurate interpretation of PCR results are valid and essential indoor quality control measures. The evaluation of inter-office quality is only a work started in recent years in foreign countries. This article also made a brief introduction of it.