天花、商贾和白莲教——嘉靖年间明朝和蒙古的关系

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16世纪的蒙古社会,在杰出的俺答汗的领导下,经历了一系列重大的变革(公元507-1582 年)。对这些变革,可以做如下概括的描述:在最初的时候,对于蒙古人,是一个特定的历史时期, 到嘉靖二十九年(公元550年)时,他们入侵劫掠了中原。接着,从16世纪40年代中期到1570 年,大量的中原移民进入蒙古地区。最后,从隆庆五年(公元1571年)起,明朝和北方游牧民族之间的关系开始进入一个和平贸易的阶段。。俺答汗在自己整整的一生中,始终试图通过求得必要的粮食和手工业品为他的部民获得经济上的稳定并改变他们的贫困。为了实现这一目的。最初是通过对明朝北部地区的掠夺,尔后靠那些来自中原地区先进的农耕者,而当这些做法尽归失败后,他们便甘愿成为明朝的臣属了。 The 16th-century Mongolian society, under the leadership of the distinguished Altan Khan, underwent a series of major changes (507-1582 AD). These changes can be summarized as follows: At first, it was a specific historical period for the Mongols, and by the 29th year of Jiajing (550 AD) they invaded and plundered the Central Plains. Then, from the mid-1940s to 1570, a large number of Central Plains immigrants entered Mongolia. Finally, from the five years of Longqing (AD 1571), the relations between Ming and nomadic peoples in North China began to enter a phase of peaceful trade. . Throughout my entire life, Altan Khan always tried to obtain financial stability and change their poverty for his ministers by obtaining the necessary foodstuffs and handicrafts. In order to achieve this goal. It was initially through the plundering of the northern part of the Ming dynasty and later by the advanced peasants from the Central Plains that when they failed they were willing to become ministers of the Ming Dynasty.
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