热河地区的蒙地永佃制,是在清代前期的土地开垦过程中形成的,和台湾地区的永佃制有某些相似之处。伪满时期,日本侵略者曾对热河地区的土地开垦、地权形态、租佃关系、农业经营和民众生计等问题作过系统调查,留下了一些资料。下面主要利用这些调查资料,并参照其他有关历史记载,对这一地区清代的蒙地开垦和永佃制度作一考察分析。土地开垦和地权形态的变化热河是蒙古族聚居而又邻近中原的地区,土地开垦比蒙古族聚居的其他地区要早。清代以前,已有汉族商人、工匠、农民前往经商、做工或垦种土地。不过,人数不多,规模不 The Mongolian Yong system in the Jehol area was formed during the land reclamation in the early Qing Dynasty and somewhat similar to the permanent tenancy system in Taiwan. During the Manchukuo period, the Japanese invaders systematically investigated land reclamation, tenure patterns, tenancy relations, agricultural management and people’s livelihood in the Jehol region, leaving some information. Below the main use of these survey data, and with reference to other relevant historical records, on the Qinghai region in the region of reclamation and the permanent tenancy system for a study analysis. Land Reclamation and Changes in Land Ownership Jehol is a region where Mongolian people live in contiguity with the Central Plains and land reclamation earlier than other areas inhabited by Mongolian people. Before the Qing Dynasty, Han merchants, artisans and peasants had gone to business, work or reclaimed land. However, the small number, the scale is not