大江健三郎的最新长篇小说《水死》再度为其小说创作的互文体系增添了新的结构样式。在这部小说中,大江健三郎以“穴居人”一词暗示和勾连孟德斯鸠《波斯人信札》中的“穴居人”;而这一概念又可以追溯到《古兰经》和古罗马的基督教传说。本文即以此为线索,探讨“穴居人”母题的流变及其在《水死》中的意义和文化内涵。 Kenzaburo Oe’s latest novel “Shui Si” once again adds a new structural style to the intertextuality of his novels. In the novel, Kenzabu Oshima hinted and connected “Caveman” in Montesquieu’s “Letters of the Persian” to “Caveman,” and the concept goes back to the Qur’an Ancient Roman Christian Legends. This article uses this as a clue to discuss the change of the motif of “Neanderthals” and its significance and cultural connotation in “water death”.