目的:分析住院患儿的痰分泌物培养中流感嗜血杆菌的感染情况及耐药性。方法:选取泰安市妇幼保健院2017年1月至2020年1月因呼吸道感染收治的住院患儿1 124例送检的合格痰标本，通过平板筛选分离出流感嗜血杆菌，采用Kirby-Bauer琼脂扩散法进行药物敏感试验，通过Cefinase纸片检测检出菌株的β-内酰胺酶产生情况。结果:1 124例住院患儿中感染流感嗜血杆菌143例，其中≤6个月的儿童80例，占比高达55.94%，高于其他年龄段的儿童，检出率差异有统计学意义（χn 2=84.810，n P60%），而对左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、美罗培南等药物最为敏感（均<5%），且检测出β-内酰胺酶阳性率36.36%。n 结论:住院患儿流感嗜血杆菌感染，其对氨苄西林、头孢呋辛、复方磺胺甲噁唑具有较强的耐药性，并且β-内酰胺酶阳性是造成耐药性的主要原因。“,”Objective:To analyze the infection and drug resistance of n Haemophilus influenzae in the sputum culture of hospitalized children.n Methods:Eligible sputum specimens of 1 124 hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection who received treatment in Taian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were analyzed. n Haemophilus influenzae strains were isolated from the sputum culture by microtitre plates. Drug sensitivity test was performed with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Production of β-lactamase was detected with the Cefinase paper strip test.n Results:Haemophilus influenza strains were isolated from 143 out of 1 124 hospitalized children cases. Among the 143 cases, 80 were less than 6 months old, accounting for 55.94%, which was significantly higher than the proportion at other age brackets (χn 2 = 84.810, n P 60%), but they were the most sensitive to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem (all < 5%). The positive rate of β-lactamase was 36.36%.n Conclusion:Haemophilus influenzae in hospitalized children is highly resistant to ampicillin, cefuroxime and compound sulfamethoxazole, and positive β-lactamase is the main cause of drug resistance.n