自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)系指无明显腹内感染病灶的腹水感染。常为肝硬化致命的并发症,病死率可高达48～95％,故早期诊治非常重要。但本病临床症状体征常不典型,故早期诊断较困难。现就近年有关进展综述如下。发病机理及致病因素本病多为单一细菌感染,常为肠源性。约70％为革兰阴性杆菌,主要为大肠杆菌。10～20％为革兰氏阳性球菌,特别是肺炎球菌,厌氧菌占6～14％。 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) refers to ascites infection that has no significant intra-abdominal infection. Often a fatal complication of liver cirrhosis, mortality can be as high as 48 to 95%, so early diagnosis and treatment is very important. However, clinical symptoms and signs of this disease are often not typical, so early diagnosis is more difficult. The progress made in recent years is summarized below. Pathogenesis and pathogenic factors The disease is mostly single bacterial infection, often intestinal origin. About 70% of gram-negative bacilli, mainly E. coli. 10 to 20% of Gram-positive cocci, especially pneumococcus, anaerobic bacteria accounted for 6 to 14%.