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球面三角学知识在航海、航空、天文、测量等专业中有着广泛的应用,其中解球面三角形又是最常见的课题,通常是把已知数据代入适当的公式,再通过查表计算来解决,手续是比较麻烦的。可以运用图解法来解球面三角形。这种方法的优点是:获得结果快,造成差误的因素远比查表计算要少;精度要求不太高时很合用。对精度要求高的场合,图解法也可起校验结果的作用,而且没有学过球面三角学的人通过图解法也可获得应有的结果。由于改进历法上的需要,我国元朝著名科学家郭守敬(1231—1316)创造了解球面直角三角形的两个公式。明末意大利人(Jacques Rho)著《测量全义》(1631),其中第7—9卷介绍了球面三角学的一些基本知识。清初数学家梅文鼎(1633—1721)结合他对天文学研究工作的需要,对球面三角学又作了进一步探讨,在他写
Spherical trigonometry has a wide range of applications in navigation, aeronautics, astronomy, surveying and other specialties. Among them, the solution of spherical triangles is the most common topic. Usually, the known data is substituted into appropriate formulas and solved by table calculation. Procedures are more troublesome. Graphical methods can be used to solve spherical triangles. The advantage of this method is that the result is fast, and the cause of the error is far less than the table lookup calculation; when the accuracy requirement is not too high, it is very useful. For applications where high accuracy is required, the graphical method can also serve as a check result, and those who have not studied spherical trigonometry can achieve the desired results through graphic methods. Due to the need to improve the calendar, Guo Shoujing (1231–1316), a famous scientist of the Yuan Dynasty in China, created two formulas for understanding spherical right triangles. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Italians (Jacques Rho) wrote “Measurement Completeness” (1631), of which volumes 7-9 introduced some basic knowledge of spherical trigonometry. In the early Qing Dynasty, the mathematician Mei Wending (1633—1721) combined his needs for astronomy research work, and he further discussed spherical trigonometry.