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笔者曾于《物理教学》1988年第8期上写了一篇文章《自编选择题五忌》。那么,怎样自编选择题呢?笔者总结了五种方法。第一种方法:常见错误集中化。在《力学》中,对于摩擦力方向,不少人概念不清。针对这一情况,我们可自编下面这道选择题:对于摩擦力的方向,下列说法正确的是:①质点所受摩擦力方向总是跟它的运动方向相反;②质点所受摩擦力方向总是跟它的运动方向相同;③质点所受摩擦力方向,不是跟它的运动方向相同,就是跟它的运动方向相反;④上述说法都不对。正确答案是④。我们可举一个否定③的例子:一水平放置的圆盘绕过其中心且垂直于圆盘平面的轴匀速旋转,盘上有一小木块(视为质点)与盘保持相对静止,小木块所受圆盘对它的静摩擦力方向与小木块的速度方向(运动方向)垂直。在高中物理总复习时,我们还可筛选各大单元易出现的错误集中于一题,以提高综合
The author once wrote an article “self-selected questions and five bogeys” in the 8th issue of “Physics Education” in 1988. So, how to make a multiple-choice question? The author summarizes five methods. The first method: Common mistakes are centralized. In Mechanics, many people are unclear about the direction of friction. In response to this situation, we can make the following multiple-choice questions: For the direction of friction, the following statements are correct: 1 The direction of the friction force on the mass is always opposite to its direction of motion; 2 The direction of the friction force on the mass point It is always in the same direction as it is moving; 3 the direction of friction in the particle is not the same as its direction of motion, or in the opposite direction of its movement; 4 the above statement is wrong. The correct answer is 4. We can give an example of negation 3. A horizontally placed disk rotates around its center and rotates at a constant speed perpendicular to the plane of the disk. A small wooden block (regarded as a particle) is kept relatively stationary with the disk. The direction of static friction of the disc is perpendicular to the speed direction (direction of motion) of the small blocks. In the review of high school physics, we can also filter the errors that are likely to appear in each major unit to focus on one topic in order to improve comprehensiveness.