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正电子发射型计算机断层显像(Positron Emission Tomography,简称PET)是用解剖形态学方式进行功能、代谢和受体显像并提供分子水平信息的一项前沿医学科学显像诊断技术。它主要利用构成人体基本元素的超短半衰期同位素如氧(O)、氮(N)、碳(C)、氟(F)等示踪生命的基本物质代谢过程,具有灵敏度高、创伤性小等特点,可在分子水平上反映人体生理或病理变化。目前临床常用的显象剂主要是氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG),它主要反映人体葡萄糖代谢过程。PET在肿瘤学方面的临床应用可以追溯到20世纪80年代。早期的PET主要应用于不明确的孤立性肺部结节的诊断方面。随着其技术的不断完善、检查辅助药物制备成本下降和优越性的体现,PET的临床应用被逐渐推广至大肠、食管、乳腺和头颈部等肿瘤的诊断、分期和疗效监测、复发或残余病灶的检出等方面,本文就其在头颈部肿瘤中的应用予以综述。
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a cutting-edge medical science imaging diagnostic technique that uses anatomic morphology for functional, metabolic, and receptor imaging and provides molecular-level information. It mainly uses the ultrashort half-life isotopes, such as oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), carbon (C), and fluorine (F), which constitute the basic elements of the human body, to trace the basic metabolic processes of life, with high sensitivity, low trauma, etc. Features can reflect human physiology or pathological changes at the molecular level. At present, the most commonly used imaging agent in clinic is fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), which mainly reflects the process of glucose metabolism in human body. The clinical application of PET in oncology dates back to the 1980s. Early PET was mainly used in the diagnosis of unidentified pulmonary nodules. With the continuous improvement of its technology, the reduction in the cost of inspection-assisted drug preparation, and its superiority, the clinical application of PET has been gradually extended to the diagnosis, staging, and efficacy monitoring, recurrence, or remnants of large intestine, esophageal, breast, and head and neck cancers. For the detection of lesions, this article will review its application in head and neck cancers.