传染性单核细胞增多症(下简称IM)并发严重神经系统疾病者,占IM住院病人1%以下。有神经系统并发症的多数患者,同时伴有IM临床特征的表现,如咽炎、淋巴结和肝脾肿大。但亦偶见神经系统疾病作为IM最早和仅有的临床表现,而缺乏其他的典型特征,这些病人的病因诊断则取决于血清学检查。异嗜抗体测定(Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn法)因操作简易,通常可靠,可作为诊断IM的重要依据,但很多幼小儿童常缺乏此抗体。最近认为EB病毒(下简称 Infectious mononucleosis (IM) complicated by serious neurological diseases, accounting for less than 1% of IM inpatients. Most patients with neurological complications are accompanied by clinical manifestations of IM such as pharyngitis, lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly. Occasionally, however, neurological diseases are the earliest and only clinical manifestation of IM, but lack other typical features. The etiological diagnosis of these patients depends on serological tests. Because of its simplicity and reliability, the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn assay can be used as an important basis for the diagnosis of IM. However, many young children often lack this antibody. Recently that the Epstein-Barr virus (hereinafter referred to as