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本文概述2002—2003年“201条款”争端案的内容、进程和结局,并回溯到1994年的美国“主权大辩论”以及1998—2000年的“301条款”争端案,进行宏观的综合考察,指出“201条款”争端案实质上乃是晚近十年来美国单边主义与WTO多边主义大交锋的第三回合,是此前两次大交锋的继续和发展。三次交锋的实质都是美国经济霸权与各国经济主权之间限制与反限制的争斗;都是植根于美国在1994年“入世”之初就已确立的既定方针:力图在“入世”之后仍然推行其单边主义政策,以维护和扩大其既得的经济霸权。美国在“201条款”争端案中败诉之后,对上述既定方针毫无改弦易辙之意,其单边主义的霸权顽症可能随时复发,WTO多边主义仍然前途多艰。
This article outlines the content, process and outcome of the “Section 201” dispute of 2002-2003 and goes back to the 1994 “Great Debate on Sovereignty” and the “Section 301” dispute case of 1998-2000 for a comprehensive and macroscopic survey. It points out that the “Section 201” dispute is essentially the third round of U.S.-Japan unilateralism and multilateral multilateralism in the recent decade. It is the continuation and development of the previous two big conflicts. The essence of the three clashes is both the struggle between the restrictions on the economic hegemony of the United States and the economic sovereignty of all countries and the anti-restrictions. Both are rooted in the established principle that the United States has already established at the beginning of its accession to the WTO in 1994: Promote its unilateralist policies to safeguard and expand its vested economic hegemony. After the United States lost its case in the “Section 201” dispute, there is no change of course in the above-mentioned principle. The unilateral hegemony chronicity may recur at any time, and the multilateralism in the WTO still has a hard time ahead.