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【目的】探索木薯施肥与耕作集成技术,为木薯增产增收及培育地力提供参考。【方法】开展田间试验,设计用木薯加工废弃物研制的生物有机肥+测土配方肥+深耕浅种(二次开行沟种植,行沟深度50~60 cm,种植深度15~20 cm)处理(T1)及习惯施肥耕作(一次开行沟30~35 cm,种植深度15~20 cm)处理(T2),每处理施肥量以N+P2O5+K2O总养分为900 kg/ha计。测定不同处理对木薯生长指标、产量及对土壤理化性状的影响。【结果】T1处理的木薯杆茎径、块根直径、块根长、单株块根条数、单株块根鲜重、木薯块根鲜重、经济效益均显著高于T2处理(P<0.05),分别增加11.14%、15.06%、12.44%、21.43%、32.39%、23.04%和7697.90元/ha;土壤速效N、P、K、有机质、pH、含水量、总孔隙度分别增加8.84%、8.73%、5.22%、7.56%、3.08%、15.51%和9.86%,容重降低5.63%。【结论】采用生物有机肥+测土配方肥+深耕浅种集成技术能显著提高木薯的产量、效益并改善土壤理化性状。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the integrated technology of fertilizing and tillage in cassava so as to provide references for the increase of yield and cultivation of cassava. 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted to design bio-organic fertilizer + soil test compound fertilizer + deep plow shallow planting (secondary open ditch planting with depth of 50-60 cm and depth of planting of 15-20 cm) with cassava processing wastes (T1) and conventional fertilization (30-35 cm in open ditches and 15-20 cm in depth). The total N + P2O5 + K2O total nutrients were 900 kg / ha for each treatment. The effects of different treatments on cassava growth index, yield and soil physical and chemical properties were determined. 【Result】 The results showed that the stem diameter, root diameter, root length, number of roots per plant, fresh weight per plant, fresh weight of tapioca root and economic benefits of T1 treatment were significantly higher than those of T2 treatment (P <0.05) 11.14%, 15.06%, 12.44%, 21.43%, 32.39%, 23.04% and 7697.90 yuan / ha respectively. Soil available N, P, K, organic matter, pH, water content and total porosity increased by 8.84%, 8.73% %, 7.56%, 3.08%, 15.51% and 9.86%, respectively. The bulk density decreased by 5.63%. 【Conclusion】 Using bio-organic fertilizer + soil testing and formula fertilizer + deep plowing shallow integration technology can significantly improve the yield and benefit of cassava and improve the physical and chemical properties of soil.