为阐明长期施肥对西南地区黄壤有机碳变化特征的影响,探讨土壤可持续利用培肥模式,从1995年起采用10种施肥模式(CK、1/4 M+3/4 NPK、1/2 M+1/2 NPK、M、NPKM、NPK、NK、N、NP、PK)对贵阳市小河区玉米地黄壤进行处理,分析了各施肥模式下土壤有机碳的变化特征及其与作物产量之间的动态变化关系。结果表明,随着施有机肥年限延长,土壤有机碳总体呈增加趋势,而施化肥表现出下降趋势,无机肥配施对提高土壤有机碳含量作用明显。不同施肥模式有机碳平衡变化很大,施有机肥,土壤有机碳平衡量均为正值,有机肥施用量的增加也会导致土壤有机碳含量提高;不施肥和施用化肥处理的有机碳平衡量均为负值,各施氮处理(NPK、NK、N、NP)间有机碳平衡量差异不显著(p值为0.08),但与不施氮处理(PK)的有机碳平衡量存在差异显著(p<0.01)。黄壤有机碳平衡量与系统总碳投入之间呈现显著的正相关关系(R2=0.9995),维持黄壤有机碳平衡所需的最低碳投入量为每年2.57 t hm-2。施有机肥处理中,玉米产量与有机碳含量表现出较好的正相关关系(R2均大于0.6);而不施肥或施用化肥处理中,二者的相关性较差(R2均小于0.3)。以上结果说明,研究区黄壤中有机碳还没饱和,仍具一定的固碳潜力,施有机肥,尤其是有机肥与化肥配施可以提高土壤有机碳含量。 In order to clarify the effect of long-term fertilization on the characteristics of organic carbon in yellow soil in southwestern China, the fertilization mode of sustainable use of soil was explored. Ten fertilization modes (CK, 1/4 M + 3/4 NPK, 1/2 M NPK, NPK, NK, N, NP and PK) were used to treat the corn yellow soil in Xiaohe District of Guiyang City. The characteristics of soil organic carbon under different fertilization modes and their relationship with crop yield Dynamic relationship. The results showed that with the extension of the application period of organic manure, the total organic carbon tended to increase while the chemical fertilizers showed a downward trend. The application of inorganic fertilizers had an obvious effect on increasing soil organic carbon content. The organic carbon balance varied greatly with different fertilization modes. The organic manure and soil organic carbon balance were both positive. The increase of organic manure application also resulted in the increase of soil organic carbon. The organic carbon balance without fertilization and fertilizer application (P = 0.08). However, there was significant difference in the balance of organic carbon between the two treatments (NPK, NK, N and NP) (p <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between organic carbon balance and total system carbon input in the yellow soil (R2 = 0.9995). The minimum carbon input needed to maintain the organic carbon balance in the yellow soil was 2.57 t hm-2 per year. In organic manure application, there was a positive correlation between the yield of maize and the content of organic carbon (R2> 0.6). However, the correlation between maize yield and organic carbon was poor (R2 less than 0.3). The above results show that the organic carbon in the yellow soil of the study area is still not saturated and still has a certain potential for carbon sequestration. Application of organic manure, especially organic manure and chemical fertilizers, can increase soil organic carbon content.