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19世纪是科学和技术文明迅速发展的时代,是炼钢方面的所有重要技术取得全面进展时期。在英国,随着工业革命的深入,需要大量的铁和钢,可是当时的英国由于木炭不足,炼铁业停滞不前,所需铁材的三分之二只好从森林资源丰富的瑞典、俄国进口。为改变这种日益严重的依赖进口的状况,在80年代,英国实现以煤炭炼铁代替木炭炼铁的一系列技术革新。但当时的精炼铁却依靠手工操作的搅拌法,这必然严
The 19th century was an era of rapid development of science and technological civilization and a period of all-round progress in making all major technologies in steel making progress. In the United Kingdom, with the deepening of the industrial revolution, a large amount of iron and steel were needed. However, at that time, due to a lack of charcoal in the United Kingdom, the ironmaking industry was stagnating. Two-thirds of the iron needed was removed from the forest-rich Sweden and Russia import. In order to change this increasingly import-dependent situation, in the 1980s Britain implemented a series of technological innovations to replace charcoal ironmaking with coal ironmaking. However, the refined iron at that time relied on the manual mixing method, which was bound to be strict