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肝细胞癌（ HCC）是世界范围内常见的恶性肿瘤之一，乙型肝炎病毒（ HBV）感染是引起HCC的最主要原因。HBV 通过DNA整合影响插入点附近宿主基因的功能，促使宿主基因组的不稳定，产生具有致癌作用的融合蛋白；HBV的x基因产物（ HBx蛋白）具有广泛的反式激活功能，如调控细胞的凋亡，抑制细胞DNA的修复，干扰细胞内信号通路及改变表观遗传学等。本文结合近年相关报道对HBV相关HCC流行和发生、HBV DNA整合、HBx蛋白等相关研究作一综述。“,”Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) is one of the most common malignancy tumors in the world, which is mainly caused by Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) infection. HBV DNA integration may promote tumorigenesis via cis?activation of oncogenes or al?tered tumor suppressor activity, genomic destabilization and production of mutant HBV proteins with tumor?promoting potential. The X gene product of HBV ( HBx) has extensive trans?activating functions, which can regulate cell apoptosis, suppress cell DNA repair, in?tervene intracellular signaling pathways and change epigenetic. In this review, we summarized the research progress of prevalence and incidence of HBV related HCC, HBV DNA integration and HBx protein.