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社会群体将某一社会问题转化为公共议题,并以多种方式对政府形成压力,从而影响决策过程,将公共议题转化为政策议题,这一政策议程设置的模式,即为“压力—回应”模式。“压力—回应”在世界各国政策议程设置中广泛存在,在中国改革开放后的政策过程中也日益常见。以项目性政策议程、行业性政策议程、全国性修法议程等三个层面的案例对“压力—回应”模式进行实证分析表明:“压力—回应”贯穿于中国政策过程,从地方政府的化工项目到关乎全体民众的法律修订,压力来源、表达方式、压力强度的差异都会改变政策回应的结果。
Social groups translate a social issue into a public issue and put pressure on the government in various ways, thus influencing the decision-making process and transforming public issues into policy issues. This policy agenda sets the pattern of “stress-response ”mode. “Pressure-Response ” exists widely in the policy agenda settings of various countries in the world and is also becoming more common in the policy process after China’s reform and opening up. Empirical analysis of the “stress-response” model in three levels of cases, including the project-based policy agenda, the industry policy agenda, and the national agenda for revision, shows that “stress-response” runs through China’s policy process, Changes in the government’s chemical projects to the general public, sources of pressure, ways of expression, and intensity of stress can all change the outcome of policy responses.