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由于现代解构主义研究进路对卢梭“立法者”定位有所偏差,卢梭政治哲学思想长期为学者所争论,因此需要依靠“表面的问题”来研究卢梭的政治哲学。在此基础上回顾自然法以及城邦德性从古典到现代的嬗变,共同体的解构与重构成为卢梭研究的起点。为了在共同体中追求彻底而纯粹的自由,卢梭将自然法推向了极致,批判科学与艺术的泛滥,也批判了导致人类社会不平等的私有制。在偶然因素的作用下,人类从自然状态进入社会状态后,立法者卢梭指导社会契约的订立以构建共同体,但这种论证产生了诸多前后矛盾之处,说明卢梭更多的是一位用语词构建共同体的启蒙思想家,一位非历史主义者。
Due to the deviation of Rousseau ’s “legislator ” orientation from the research of modern deconstruction, Rousseau’ s political philosophy has been argued by scholars for a long time. Therefore, Rousseau ’s political philosophy needs to be studied on the “superficial issue”. On this basis, reviewing the evolution of natural law and the virtues of the city from the classical to the modern era, the deconstruction and reconstruction of the community became the starting point for Rousseau’s research. In pursuit of complete and pure freedom in the community, Rousseau pushed the law of nature to the extreme, criticized the flood of science and art, and also criticized private ownership that led to inequality in human society. Under the influence of accidental factors, Rousseau, the legislator, guides the conclusion of the social contract to form a community after humans enter the social state from the natural state. However, this argument has many inconsistencies, indicating that Rousseau is more of a term Enlightenment thinker who built the community, a non-historicist.