目的:探讨早期心理干预预防产后抑郁促进儿童心理发育在县、乡、村应用的效果。方法:利用县、乡、村三级保健网培训妇幼医生,随机抽取部分县区为实验组(最后参加统计者1266名),另一部分县区为对照组(最后参加统计者1243名),采用zung氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)监测妇女情绪,用丹佛智能发育筛查表(DDST)监测儿童智能发育,用Achen-bach儿童行为量表(CBCL2～3岁家长用)评价儿童的行为发育,监测时间自孕期围保门诊建卡至分娩后2年(即儿童满2岁)。结果:实验组和对照组2年内抑郁状态的发生率分别为21.41%、50.93%,产后抑郁症的发生率分别为4.58%、11.42%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);儿童DDST出现可疑和异常的发生率分别为2.69%、6.52%,行为问题发生率分别为10.43%、16.41%,具有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:早期心理干预简便易行,能有效地预防妇女产后抑郁,促进儿童心理发育。 Objective: To explore the effect of early psychological intervention on preventing postpartum depression and promoting the psychological development of children in the county, township and village. Methods: The women and children were trained by county, township and village health networks. Some counties were randomly selected as the experimental group (the last participating statisticians were 1266) and the other counties as the control group (the last participating statisticians were 1243) Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was used to monitor the emotional state of the children. The intelligence development of the children was monitored by the Denver Intelligent Developmental Screening Scale (DDST), and the behavioral development of children was assessed using the Achen-bach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL parents aged 2 to 3 years) , Monitoring time from the period of pregnancy insurance card to 2 years after delivery (that is, children over the age of 2 years). Results: The incidences of depression in experimental group and control group were 21.41% and 50.93% in two years respectively, and the incidences of postpartum depression were 4.58% and 11.42%, respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.01). Children DDST The incidence of suspicious and abnormal were 2.69% and 6.52% respectively, and the incidence of behavioral problems were 10.43% and 16.41% respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.01). Conclusion: Early psychological intervention is simple and easy, which can effectively prevent postpartum depression and promote the psychological development of children.