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目的了解和掌握云南省永仁县5岁以下儿童死亡情况,为制定干预措施,降低儿童死亡率提供依据。方法整理2011-2015年5 007例出生儿童监测数据,对5年来5岁以下儿童死亡数据进行分析,寻找儿童死亡原因。结果 5年累计新生儿死亡率4.79‰,婴儿死亡率为6.79‰,5岁以下儿童死亡率9.39‰;除5岁以下儿童死亡率有所下降外,新生儿死亡率和婴儿死亡率有所升高;早产、低出生体重,新生儿窒息和先天异常死亡位居死亡原因前3位。5年中,5岁以下死亡儿童中,农村户口占95.74%;城镇户口占4.26%,死前未就诊的占31.92%,死在家中的占42.55%,就医途中死亡占12.77%,男童占61.70%,女童占38.30%。结论加强孕产期保健,开展以家庭为中心的孕产妇护理是当前孕产妇护理界认同的最佳护理方式,它有利于建立良好的家庭成员关系,提高保健能力,增加防范伤害意识和预防疾病,降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。
Objective To understand and grasp the death of children under 5 years of age in Yongren County, Yunnan Province, and provide the basis for formulating interventions and reducing the child mortality rate. Methods The data of 5 007 births monitored in 2011-2015 were collected and the death data of children under 5 years old in 5 years were analyzed to find out the causes of child death. Results The 5-year cumulative neonatal mortality rate was 4.79 ‰, the infant mortality rate was 6.79 ‰, and the mortality rate for children under 5 years of age was 9.39 ‰. Neonatal and infant mortality rates increased except for those under 5 years of age High; premature birth, low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia and congenital abnormal death among the top three causes of death. Among 5-year-old children under 5 years old, 95.74% were rural residents, 4.26% were urban residents, 31.92% were unidentified before death, 42.55% died at home, 12.77% died while on medical treatment, and boys accounted for 61.70% girls and 38.30% girls. Conclusion Strengthening maternal health care and carrying out family-centered maternity nursing are the best ways to care for maternity nursing community. It is conducive to establishing good family memberships, improving health care ability, increasing awareness on preventing injuries and preventing diseases , Reducing child mortality under 5 years.