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贵州省是野生葱类资源的重要分布地区,特别是赫章县野生韭菜的分布面积较广。为了详细了解和研究野生韭菜的分布,对赫章县野生韭菜地理分布、生境及气候进行了专题调查,并对其主要营养成分进行了分析。结果发现,赫章县主要分布有3种野生韭菜,它们分别为多星韭(Allium wallichii Kunth.)、卵叶韭(Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz.暂定名)和近宽叶韭(Allium hookeri Thwaites暂定名);对17种水解氨基酸检测表明,除脯氨酸外,野生韭菜的各种氨基酸含量均较栽培韭(Allaum tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.)的含量高;而野生韭的含糖量却明显低于普通的栽培韭;在9种微量元素中,卵叶韭的锰、锌、铁的含量明显高于栽培韭和其他野生韭菜;对4种重金属检测表明,镉的含量在3种野生韭中均超标,特别是卵叶韭中的镉含量明显高于栽培韭和其他2种野生韭,卵叶韭的砷、汞、铅的含量也较高,超出了国家限量标准;原生境的多星韭的叶片和薹维生素C含量均高于栽培韭菜。本次调查中的野生韭菜资源生物学特征有明显特异性,营养成分存在很大差异,对这些资源的收集与保存将对丰富我国韭菜资源保存的多样性具有重要意义,对韭菜营养品质改良具有很大的开发和利用价值。
Guizhou Province is an important distribution area of wild onion resources, especially Hezhang County, the distribution of wild leek wider. In order to understand and study the distribution of wild chives in detail, we conducted a special survey on the geographical distribution, habitats and climate of wild chives in Hezhang County, and analyzed their main nutrients. The results showed that there were three kinds of wild leek mainly distributed in Hezhang County. They were Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz. And Allium hookeri Thwaites tentative name); 17 kinds of hydrolyzed amino acids detected, except for proline, wild leeks all kinds of amino acids content than cultivated leek (Allaum tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.) Content is high; But significantly lower than that of common cultivated leek. Among the nine trace elements, the content of manganese, zinc and iron in Allium mongolicum was significantly higher than that of cultivated leek and other wild leeks. The detection of four heavy metals showed that the content of cadmium was 3 Wild leek exceeded the standard, in particular the content of cadmium in Allium ovale was significantly higher than the cultivated Leek and other two kinds of wild Allium, the content of arsenic, mercury, lead of Allium oyster was also higher than the national limit; The multi-star leek leaves and sedge vitamin C content were higher than cultivated leeks. The biological characteristics of the wild leek resources in this survey have obvious specificity, there are great differences in nutrients, the collection and preservation of these resources will enrich the conservation of diversity of Chinese leek resources is of great significance to improve the nutritional quality of leeks have Great development and use of value.