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采用在黑龙江省13个行政区原生境采集和异地繁殖结合的方法,研究了寒地不同积温带野生大豆植株的表型性状及变化规律。结果表明:不同积温带野生大豆表型性状存在差异,各表型性状的变异系数不同,存在多样性丰富和多样性单一的性状。叶片表型性状中叶面积和叶柄长度的多样性最丰富,在第一、三、五积温带采集的野生大豆分别在叶片形状、叶片大小和叶片颜色上的多样性最丰富。根系表型性状中根干重的多样性丰富,根直径多样性较单一,第六积温带根系表型性状较丰富,第一、二积温带采集的野生大豆根系表型性状较单一。在各农艺性状中,百粒重在各积温带群体中的变异极大,多样性最丰富,第二积温带采集的野生大豆百粒重的均值最大,第五积温带的百粒重的均值最小。在活动积温较高地点采集的野生大豆单株荚数、每节荚数、分枝数较多;不同积温带茎长的差异不明显。
The phenotypic traits and changes of wild soybean plants in different accumulated temperature in cold region were studied by means of in situ collection and heteroploid breeding in 13 administrative regions in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that there were differences in the phenotypic traits of wild soybean in different temperate zones. The coefficient of variation of each phenotypic trait was different, and there were abundant and diverse single traits. Leaf phenotypic traits in leaf area and petiole length of the diversity of the most abundant, the first, third and fifth plot temperature of wild soybean leaf shape, leaf size and leaf color of the most diverse. The root dry weight of root phenotype was rich in diversity, and root diameter diversity was single. The phenotypic traits of root in sixth accumulated temperate zone were rich. The phenotypic traits of wild soybean collected in the first and second accumulated temperate zone were single. In each agronomic trait, the variation of 100-grain weight in each integrative temperate zone was the largest and the most diversified. The average value of 100-grain weight of wild soybean collected in the second accumulated temperate zone was the highest, Min. The number of pod per plant, the number of pods per branch and the number of branches were higher in the wild soybean collected at higher activity temperature. There was no significant difference in stem length between different accumulated temperature zones.