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为了解双低杂交油菜新品种‘丰油10号’养分吸收利用规律,以‘丰油10号’为材料,在河南油菜主产区进行田间试验,分析了油菜各器官干物质积累量以及成熟期氮、磷、钾、硫、硼养分的累积量。结果表明:油菜全株干物质积累量随生育进程的推进呈“S”形变化曲线,蕾薹期至花期呈快速增长趋势;油菜籽粒产量与苗期干物质积累量呈抛物线关系(R2=0.9798**),与开花期-成熟期干物质净增量呈显著线性关系(R=0.9879**)。籽粒是氮、磷的分配中心,分别占总吸收量的73.32%和75.16%;钾主要分布在茎枝和角果壳中,籽粒中钾素仅占总吸收量的21.31%;硫主要分布在角果壳和籽粒中;硼元素主要分布在茎枝和籽粒中,占总吸收量的69.89%;根中各养分分布均最少,分配比例也最低。新品种‘丰油10号’地上部分与全株干物质积累量均随生育时期的推进呈现“慢—快—慢”的变化曲线,根、茎、叶中的养分N和P在花期后会转移到籽粒中,因此,油菜花期前保证充足的养分供给是高产的前提。
In order to understand the law of nutrient uptake and utilization of ’FengYu 10’, a new low-yielding hybrid rapeseed cultivar, ’FengYou10’ was used as a material in a field experiment in the main producing area of rapeseed in Henan Province. The dry matter accumulation and maturity Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron nutrient accumulation. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of rapeseed showed a “S ” shape with the progress of the growth process, and the trend of rapeseed to florescence increased rapidly. The yield of rapeseed showed a parabolic relationship with the dry matter accumulation at seedling stage (R2 = 0.9798 **), showing a significant linear relationship with the net increment of flowering-maturity dry matter (R = 0.9879 **). The grains were the distribution center of nitrogen and phosphorus, accounting for 73.32% and 75.16% of the total absorption respectively. Potassium was mainly distributed in the stems and horn shells, and potassium accounted for only 21.31% of the total absorption of the grains. Horn fruit shell and grain; boron was mainly distributed in stems and grains, accounting for 69.89% of the total absorption; the distribution of nutrients in the roots was the least, and the distribution ratio was also the lowest. The dry matter accumulation of aerial part and whole plant of ’Fengyou 10’ showed a curve of “slow-fast-slow” with the growth of the growth period, and the nutrient N and P in the root, After the transfer to the grain, therefore, rape flowering to ensure adequate nutrient supply is a prerequisite for high yield.