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对气候公约缔结25年来,主要发达国家向公约下五大资金机制的出资情况进行了梳理;对各利益集团的根本立场和博弈趋势进行了剖析;并借鉴蒙特利尔议定书多边基金出资分摊模式、全球环境基金受援国资金分配模式,基于国家发展阶段、历史责任和经济水平三大指标设计了气候公约下主要发达国家出资分摊机制。结果表明:北欧国家在人均年出资量比较中处于领先位置;欧盟国家在气候资金出资中的态度亦相对积极;伞形国家在气候资金出资绝对量方面可观,但仍无法与其在发达国家阵营中应尽的责任相匹配。在公约下建立高效、公平、合理的发达国家气候资金出资分摊机制,不仅可确保未来气候资金的充分性和可预见性;更能够提高发展中国家在资金议题下谈判议价的科学性和话语权,巩固国家参与气候变化谈判战略依托和理论基础。
For the past 25 years since the conclusion of the climate treaty, the major developed countries have sorted out the capital contributions of the five major funding mechanisms under the convention; analyzed the fundamental stances and gaming trends of various interest groups; and borrowed from the contribution sharing model of the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol, the Global Environment Facility According to the allocation pattern of recipient countries, the contribution sharing mechanism of major developed countries under the UNFCCC was designed based on the three indicators of national development stage, historical responsibility and economic level. The results show that the Nordic countries are in the leading position in the per capita annual capital contribution comparison; the EU countries are also relatively active in the funding of climate funds; the umbrella countries are substantial in terms of the absolute amount of climate fund contributions, but they are still unable to compete with their counterparts in the developed countries Matters should be fulfilled. Establishing an efficient, fair and reasonable funding allocation mechanism for climate funds in developed countries under the convention not only ensures the adequacy and predictability of climate and climate resources in the future but also increases the scientific and voice of developing countries negotiating bargaining under the funding issue , To consolidate the country’s strategic support and theoretical basis for participating in climate change negotiations.