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五言诗的起源在古代文学研究中一直是个悬而未决的问题。南北朝的钟嵘在《诗品》中早就指出五言诗起于西汉的李陵,但后代的许多学者都对此持怀疑态度。尤其是二十世纪初期梁启超、罗根泽等人提出五言诗起源于东汉晚期的说法以后,这种观点基本上被学术界所普遍接受,解放后出版的几部较有影响的文学史均持此说。后来虽不断有学者表示异议,但终不能改变人们的看法。本文试图以《汉书》中的引诗为主要证据,再辅以其他旁证材料,来证明五言诗起源于西汉而非东汉末期。
The origin of five-character poetry has always been a pending issue in the study of ancient literature. Zhong Rong in the Northern and Southern Dynasties pointed out in the Book of Poetry that the five-character poem originated in the Western Han Dynasty, but many scholars of the future generations are skeptical. Especially in the early twentieth century Liang Qichao and Luo Genze put forward the idea that five-character poems originated from the late Eastern Han dynasties. This view was generally accepted by academics. Several influential literary history published after the liberation hold the view. Later, although some scholars have expressed objections, they can not change people’s opinions. This paper attempts to use the “Han” in the introduction of poems as the main evidence, supplemented by other circumstantial evidence, to prove five-character poems originated in the Western Han Dynasty and not the late Eastern Han Dynasty.