德国是第二次世界大战的战败国,国民经济受到严重破坏,然而,如今却一跃成为一个科学技术先进的经济强国,这与其发达的职业教育不无关系,我们要学习和借鉴德国职业教育的经验。战后原西德政府非常重视职业教育,他们根据国内经济形势发展的要求,制定了职业教育发展规划,建立了比较完整的职业教育体系,并于1969年颁布了《职业教育法》,将职业教育作为强制性的义务教育确定下来。基本概况如下:第一,培训渠道:一是企业系统的职业教育,即由企业根据所具有的特定的工种,为使受训人掌握某项劳动技能和劳动素质,而实施的实践性很强的职业教育;二是学校系统举办的职业教育,即由学校(包括职业学校)所实施的偏重于一般理论的职业教育,这两个渠道的培训工作同时进行,前者为主,后者为辅。第二,培训对象:从就业前的“徒工”,到各行各业的在职人员及转业人员,从普通职工,到管理人员包括高级管理人员,都要接受培训。其中,徒工培训受到特别重视,原西德职业教育法规定,凡受了普通义务教育而不再继续升学的中学生,无论就业与否,必须接受二三年的职业义务教育,这称为徒工培训。徒工首先应根据自己爱好和企业需要选择学习专业(或工种),再选择一家企业与之签定劳动培训合同,企业依法为其提供义 As a defeated country of World War II, Germany suffered serious damage to the national economy. However, it has now become an economic power with advanced science and technology. This is not only related to its well-developed vocational education. We must learn from German vocational education experience of. After the war, the former West German government attached great importance to vocational education. According to the requirements of the development of the domestic economic situation, they formulated a plan for the development of vocational education and established a relatively complete vocational education system. In 1969, the Vocational Education Law was promulgated, Education is compulsory as compulsory education. The basic profile is as follows: First, the training channels: First, vocational education system of the enterprise, that is, according to the enterprise by the specific types of work, in order to enable trainees to master a labor skills and quality of labor, and the implementation of a very practical Vocational education; the second is vocational education held by the school system, that is, the vocational education which is practiced by schools (including vocational schools) and emphasizes general theory. The training of these two channels is carried out simultaneously, with the former being the latter and the latter being supplemented. Second, the target audience: From “pre-employment” apprenticeship to serving and reemployed persons in all trades and industries, training should be carried out from ordinary staff members to management personnel including senior management personnel. Among them, apprenticeship training is given special attention. The former West German Vocational Education Law stipulates that secondary school students who have received general compulsory education but will no longer pursue further studies, regardless of employment or not, must receive vocational compulsory education for two to three years. This is called apprenticeship training . Apprentices should first choose according to their own hobbies and business needs of professional (or job), and then choose a business contract signed with the labor, enterprises provide their righteousness according to law