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信息磁存储技术在日常生活中,特别是目前的“大数据”时代,扮演着极其重要的角色。随着物理学的深入研究和发展,磁存储技术也发生着翻天覆地的变化。磁性随机存储器被视为未来磁存储技术的一颗新星,低功耗、读写快的特点使其拥有着巨大并且广泛的应用前景。磁存储技术很大程度上依赖于写入和读取磁存储单元信息的效率。近年来,基于自旋轨道耦合这一基本物理原理发展而来的自旋轨道转矩,由于能够有效地控制磁存储单元的磁矩,而受到了凝聚态物理和电子信息领域的广泛关注。涉及自旋轨道转矩的物理效应,如自旋轨道耦合、自旋霍尔效应、Edelstein效应等,都正在被全世界科学家深入地研究中。文章涵盖了近年来自旋轨道转矩领域的最新研究进展,重点介绍了重金属、二维材料体系、拓扑绝缘体以及反铁磁体系中的自旋轨道转矩。文章最后展望了自旋轨道转矩未来的发展方向及其潜在的工业应用价值。
Information magnetic storage technology plays an extremely important role in daily life, especially in the current “big data” era. With the in-depth research and development of physics, the magnetic memory technology has also undergone tremendous changes. Magnetic random access memory is regarded as a new star of magnetic memory technology in the future, and low power consumption and fast reading and writing make it have a huge and wide application prospect. Magnetic storage technology relies heavily on the efficiency of writing and reading magnetic memory cell information. In recent years, the spin-orbit torque based on the basic physical principle of spin-orbit coupling has been widely concerned in the field of condensed matter physics and electronic information because it can effectively control the magnetic moment of a magnetic memory cell. The physical effects involving spin orbital torque, such as spin-orbit coupling, spin Hall effect, Edelstein effect, are all being investigated deeply by scientists all over the world. The article covers the latest research progress of spin-orbit torque in recent years, and focuses on the spin-orbit torque in heavy metals, two-dimensional material systems, topological insulators and antiferromagnetic systems. Finally, the article forecasts the future development of spin orbit torque and its potential industrial application value.