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Purpose: To investigate the effects on telomerase activity, human telomerase reversetranscriptase (hTERT) gene and TEP1 mRNA of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells weretreated by TGF-β1 of different concentration.Methods: The cultured human RPE cells were treated with TGF-β1 at differentconcentration(0 ng/ml, 0. 01 ng/ml, 0.1 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml) for 24 h, thentelomerase activity was detected by telomerase repeat amplification protocol(TRAP). Theexpression of hTERT mRNA and TEP-1mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results: TRAP and RT-PCR showed when the concentration of TGF-β1 was graduallyincreased, telomerase activity and the expression of hTERTmRNA were gradually reduced,TEP1mRNA showed no apparent differential expression.Conclusion: TGF-β1 can down-regulate telomerase activity and the expression of hTERTmRNA, but no effection on TEP-1mRNA, hTERTmRNA expression was in accordance withtelomerase activity in hRPE cells, hTERT gene plays a crucial role in the expression oftelomerase activity, while TEP1 plays a much smaller role.