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1863年英美在上海的侨商就曾向清朝政府建议修筑上海到苏州之间的铁路。1864年,史蒂芬孙(1781—1848年)从印度来中国,提出了一个包括建筑四条全国干线在内的《中国铁路计划》,但仍未被采纳。1865年7月,英国商人杜兰德在北京宣武门外修建了一段1公里左右的小铁路,试跑小火车,这是我国铁路建设的开始。尽管这一铁路火车只能供人玩赏,但仍被清朝官府以“观者骇怪”为理由限期
In 1863, Anglo-American businesspeople in Shanghai had advised the Qing government to build a railway between Shanghai and Suzhou. In 1864, Stephen Sun (1781–1848) came to China from India and proposed a “China Railway Plan” including the construction of four national routes, but it has not yet been adopted. In July 1865, British businessman Durand built a small railway about 1km away from Xuanwumen in Beijing and tried to run a small train. This is the beginning of China’s railway construction. Although this railway train can only be enjoyed by people, it is still limited by the reason why the officials of the Qing dynasty use the term “monitors and blame”.