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本文借助刘慈欣的小说《三体》中的“变位”视角对生态整体主义进行反思。“变位”是指人从地球上的优势文化地位变为宇宙中的弱势文化地位,在《三体》中,变位视角既体现为作者不自觉地从文明弱势的身份进行作品构思,也体现为在作品具体内容中人类被想象为宇宙中的弱势和非中心文化群体。语义分析学认为,真理是通过心灵的真诚和命题的准确性而得以保障,心灵的真诚信念与符合论的客观真理并非等同,《三体》则进一步使读者看到,对于非中心的弱势文明群体来说,既有的文化观念和来自直接生活经验与现实生存处境的自主判断比来自强势文明的客观真理更能影响人们的心灵信念。生态整体主义中包含的生态系统理论与环境伦理准则的一致性,其实也只是理性文明体系中具有文化优势地位的判断者的心灵认定,它具有布洛赫所说的“希望的乌托邦”的性质。而对于人类社会中具有差异性的多元文化群体特别是弱势文化群体来说,生态整体主义可能并非是一种得到心灵真诚认定的真理,它所提出的环境伦理准则也只能基于自由选择而生效。
This essay rethinks eco-holism through the perspective of “translocation ” in Liu Cixin’s novel The Three-Body. “Displacement ” refers to the people from the dominant position on Earth’s culture into a weak cultural position in the universe, in the “three bodies”, the discernment perspective not only reflects the author unconsciously from the identity of the weak civilization , But also reflected in the specific content of the work in which mankind is conceived as a vulnerable and non-central cultural group in the universe. According to semantic analysis, truth is guaranteed by the truth of the mind and the accuracy of the proposition. The true faith of the mind is not equal to the objective truth of conformity. The “three bodies” further make the reader understand that for the under-centered and weak civilization For the group, the existing cultural concept and the independent judgments from the experience of direct living and the real living conditions can affect people’s spiritual beliefs more than the objective truth from strong civilizations. The consistency between the ecological system theory contained in ecological holism and environmental ethical standards is in fact only the spiritual cognizance of the judge with cultural superiority in the system of rational civilization. It has what Bloch called “the utopia of hope” The nature of As for multicultural groups, especially disadvantaged groups, in human society, ecological holism may not be the truth that the mind can sincerely recognize. The environmental ethical principles it proposes can only be based on free choice .