Background and study aims: The incidence of premalignant and malignant lesions in specialized intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus has increased dramatically in the industrialized world in recent years. This report evaluates the efficacy and safety of local endoscopic therapy for high- grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) in Barrett s esophagus. Patients and methods: Over a 5- year period between October 1996 and September 2001, a total of 379 patients were referred with a suspicion of early Barrett s cancer. In a prospective study, 44 patients with HGIN in Barrett s esophagus were selected for local endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic resection was carried out in 14 patients in whom the HGIN was re- detectable, and 27 patients in whom the HGIN was not re- detectable underwent photodynamic therapy (PDT). Endoscopic resection and PDT were combined in three patients. Results: Complete remission was achieved in 43 of the 44 patients (97.7% ). No major complications occurred. A mean of 1 session was needed to achieve complete local remission. During a mean follow- up period of 36 months (range 7- 61 months), recurrent or metachronous lesions were observed in six patients (17.1 % ), all of whom received a second successful endoscopic treatment. Conclusions: Endoscopic therapy is a safe alternative treatment regimen for HGIN in Barrett s esophagus, providing a middle way between the widely promulgated options of a “ watch- and- wait“ policy and radical esophagectomy. Background and research aims: The incidence of premalignant and malignant lesions in specialized intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus has increased dramatically in the industrialized world in recent years. This report evaluates the efficacy and safety of local endoscopic therapy for high- grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) In a prospective study, 44 patients with HGIN in Barrett’s sophagus were selected for local endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic resection was carried out in 14 patients in whom the HGIN was re-detectable, and 27 patients in whom the HGIN was not re- detectable underwent photodynamic therapy (PDT). Endoscopic resection and PDT were combined in three patients. Results: Complete remission was achieved in 43 of the 44 patients (97.7%). During a mean follow-up period of 36 months (range 7- 61 months), recurrent or metachronous lesions were observed in six patients (17.1%), all of whom received a second Successful endoscopic treatment. Conclusions: Endoscopic therapy is a safe alternative treatment regimen for HGIN in Barrett’s sophaophagus, providing a middle way between the widely promulgated options of a ”watch-and-wait" policy and radical esophagectomy.