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目的了解北京市海淀区产妇母乳中多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)的污染水平及新生儿经母乳的多溴联苯醚摄入量。方法于2011年通过征集母乳捐献志愿者方式采集36件母乳样本,并填写调查表,记录母乳捐献者的人口学特征及居住环境等信息。采用凝胶渗透色谱结合气相色谱-负化学源质谱法(GC-NCI-MS)测定母乳中8种多溴联苯醚同系物[2,4,4’-三溴联苯醚(BDE-28)、2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)、2,2’,4,4’,6-五溴联苯醚(BDE-100)、2,2’,4,4’,5-五溴联苯醚(BDE-99)、2,2’,4,4’,5,6’-六溴联苯醚(BDE-154)、2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-六溴联苯醚(BDE-153)、2,2’,3,4,4’,5’,6-七溴联苯醚(BDE-183)和十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)]的含量。并计算新生儿经母乳的多溴联苯醚每日摄入量。结果北京市海淀区产妇母乳中多溴联苯醚含量均值和中位数分别为12.08和2.94 ng/g脂肪,范围在0.22～112.02 ng/g脂肪之间。BDE-209是其中最主要的组分,平均贡献率为55.9%;在三至七溴联苯醚中,BDE-153贡献率最高,约为28%,其次是BDE-47和BDE-28,均约为15%。婴儿经母乳多溴联苯醚每日摄入量为82.91 ng/kg,范围在1.30～941.03 ng/kg之间。结论本次调查的海淀区母乳中多溴联苯醚污染水平处在较低的水平。
Objective To investigate the contamination level of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk of pregnant women in Haidian District, Beijing, and the intake of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) in neonates with breast milk. Methods In 2011, 36 breast milk samples were collected from the volunteers for collecting breast milk, and questionnaires were filled in to record the demographic characteristics and living environment of breast milk donors. Eight kinds of polybrominated diphenylether homologues (2,4,4’-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE-28), 2 (BDE-47), 2,2 ’, 4,4’, 6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100), 2,2 ’, 4, (BDE-99), 2,2 ’, 4,4’, 5,6’-hexabromo diphenylether (BDE-154), 2,2 ’, 4,4 (BDE-153), 2,2 ’, 3,4,4’, 5 ’, 6-heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-183) and decabromobiphenyl Ether (BDE-209)]. Calculate the daily intake of polybrominated diphenylethers for breast-feeding newborns. Results The mean and median polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk of Haidian District in Beijing were 12.08 and 2.94 ng / g respectively, ranging from 0.22 to 112.02 ng / g. BDE-209 is the most important component with the average contribution rate of 55.9%. BDE-153 has the highest contribution rate of about 28% among the three to seven brominated diphenyl ethers, followed by BDE-47 and BDE-28, Both are about 15%. The daily intake of breast-fed polybrominated diphenyl ethers was 82.91 ng / kg in the range of 1.30 to 941.03 ng / kg. Conclusion The level of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk in Haidian district in this survey is at a low level.