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对十六世纪德国著名的宗教改革家马丁·路德的历史成就如何评价,是世界中世纪史研究中的一个重要课题。过去我国史学界对他的评价一般偏低,对其功绩没有充分估计。近年来,学术界对路德重新进行了评价,仍褒贬不一,大致可分三派。1,基本否定派,认为路德的宗教改革只反教皇不反国内封建割据势力的代表诸侯,且是农民战争的叛徒,自己最终沦为诸侯手中的工具。后来的“路德教”则成了维护诸侯权利、加强封建割据的宗教;2,肯定派,认为路德是欧洲宗教改革的功臣,他代表了新兴资产阶级的
How to evaluate the historical achievements of Martin Luther, the famous reformer in Germany in the 16th century, is an important issue in the study of medieval history in the world. Historically, historians in our country have generally underestimated him and have not fully estimated their merits. In recent years, academics have re-evaluated Lutherans, which are still mixed with different opinions and are divided into three groups. 1, the basic negation, that the religious reform in Lutheran only anti-Pope not anti-feudal separatist forces on behalf of the representative princes, but also a traitor to the peasant war, he eventually became a vassal tool. Later “Lutheranism” became the religion that maintained the princely rights and strengthened feudal separatism. 2. Affirming that Luther was a hero of European religious reform, he represented the emerging bourgeoisie