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长江经济带具有以河流为纽带、产业布局呈梯度分布、生态环境紧密联系三个特征,是一种典型的流域经济。改革开放以来,长江经济带的开发与建设历经从自我发展到上升为国家发展战略四个阶段。然而目前其开发却面临着行政壁垒、生态环境恶化、综合性管理机构缺失、协调体制机制滞后和法律保障不完善等问题。欧洲的莱茵河、多瑙河和美国的田纳西河、密西西比河以及南美洲的亚马逊河等国际流域开发模式的经验与教训,为长江经济带开发提供了有益的借鉴与启示:要保护与有效利用水资源,加强河道整治与建设,完善河流流域管理机制,培植流域产业带和产业集群以及注重生态环境保护。坚持生态优先、绿色发展,共抓大保护,不搞大开发,创设一种流域经济开发的新模式,应该成为长江经济带开发必须遵循的基本原则。
The Yangtze River Economic Belt has the three characteristics of a river basin as a link, the industrial distribution is gradient distribution, and the ecological environment is closely linked. It is a typical basin economy. Since the reform and opening up, the development and construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have gone through four stages of self-development and rising to the national development strategy. However, at present, its development faces the problems of administrative barriers, deterioration of ecological environment, lack of comprehensive management agencies, lagging coordination of institutional mechanisms and imperfect legal protection. Experiences and lessons from the international basin development models such as the Rhine River in Europe, the Danube River in the United States, the Tennessee River in the United States, the Mississippi River and the Amazon River in South America provide useful lessons for the development of the Yangtze River economic belt: Enabling and Effective Utilization of Water Resources , Strengthen river regulation and construction, improve river basin management mechanism, cultivate industrial belt and industrial cluster and pay attention to ecological and environmental protection. Adhere to ecological priority, green development, grasping large protection, do not engage in large-scale development, and create a new model of economic development in the basin, should become the Yangtze River Economic Belt must follow the basic principles.