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《慕尼黑协定》是绥靖政策的一个产物,表面上体现的是英法两国维护地区和平、避免战争的意识形态。但本质上,作为各个国家势力不均衡下的产物,它体现的是不同国家的权势关系,揭示的是英法德意对捷克斯洛伐克的控制和压制。本研究从系统功能语言学的角度出发,运用三大元功能理论,解读《慕尼黑协定》是如何在词汇-语法层面体现这种控制和压制的不平等权势关系的。具体来说,运用概念功能分析及物性和语态;运用人际功能分析情态动词的言语功能和语气隐喻;运用语篇功能分析主位。语言和权势息息相关,语言是反映社会权势关系的首要载体,语言即力量(体现权势)。因此,通过对法律语篇《慕尼黑协定》词汇-语法的语言特征分析可以很好地展现该协定所体现的参与者之间的权势关系。通过分析可以得出,对语篇的系统功能语言学分析可以有效地揭示语言中隐藏的社会关系和意识形态。
The “Munich Agreement” is a product of the appeasement policy. It ostensibly shows the ideology of Britain and France in maintaining regional peace and avoiding war. However, in essence, as a result of imbalanced forces among various countries, it shows the power relations between different countries and reveals the control and repression of Czechoslovakia by Britain, France, Germany and Italy. From the perspective of systematic functional linguistics, this study uses three meta-functional theories to explain how the Munich Agreement exemplifies this unequal relationship of power and control at the lexicon-grammatical level. Specifically, the use of conceptual function analysis and the physical and voice; use of interpersonal function analysis modal verbs of the speech function and tone metaphor; the use of text features analysis of the main position. Language and power are closely related to each other. Language is the primary carrier that reflects the power relations in society. Language is power (reflecting power). Therefore, by analyzing the linguistic features of the vocabulary-grammar of the Munich text of legal discourse, the power relations among the participants embodied in the agreement can be well demonstrated. Through analysis, it can be concluded that the systematic functional linguistic analysis of discourse can effectively reveal the hidden social relations and ideology in the language.