论文部分内容阅读
具有确定的质子数和中子数的原子核统称为核素.理论估计有6000多个核素.已发现的核素有2000多个,除在自然界存在的稳定核素280多个,不稳定核素30多个外,其余都是人工合成的不稳定核素.发现新核素对揭示原子核的本质特征,检验和发展核的模型理论,开辟可能的应用途径具有十分重要的意义.发现新核素的主要手段是用加速器产生的离子去轰击稳定核产生核反应,或者由中子或带电离子引发裂变或核反应来生成核素,然后通过物理和化学方法加以鉴别,确定是否生成了新核素.由于新核素的产额极少,只占百万分之一,而且寿命极短,所以工作难度很大.
Atomic nuclei with definite numbers of protons and neutrons are collectively referred to as nuclide. The theory estimates that there are more than 6,000 nuclide. More than 2,000 nuclide have been discovered, except for more than 280 stable nuclide exist in nature, unstable nuclei. With more than 30 elements, the rest are artificially synthesized unstable nuclei. The discovery of new nuclide has important significance for revealing the essential characteristics of nuclei, testing and developing nuclear model theory, and opening up possible application approaches. The primary means of prime is to use the ions generated by the accelerator to bombard a stable core to produce a nuclear reaction, or a neutron or charged ion to initiate a fission or nuclear reaction to generate a nuclides, which are then identified by physical and chemical methods to determine if new nuclides have been generated. Because the output of new nuclide is very small, only one part in one million, and the lifespan is very short, so the work is very difficult.