伤寒仍是一个重要的公共卫生问题,在许多发展中地区流行。慢性带菌者是最重要的传染宿主,是决定地方伤寒流行水平的主要因素,亦是散在暴发的重要来源。慢性带菌者不断地把伤寒杆菌通过胆汁排入肠道。然而,粪便培养可仅呈间歇阳性,因为伤寒杆菌的生存及其在粪便培养中生长取决于粪便的类型和正常粪便菌丛的抑制作用。带菌状态可发生在临床或亚临床感染之后,存在胆囊疾病的患者往往容易变为带菌者。因此,变为带菌者的机会随着感染发生的年龄而增高,女性比男性多见。迄今尚无适用于在大量人群中检测带菌者的简易 Typhoid fever is still an important public health issue that is prevalent in many developing regions. Chronic carriers are the most important infectious hosts and are the major determinants of the prevalence of typhoid fever in places. They are also an important source of the outbreaks. Chronic carriers continue to Salmonella typhi through the bile into the intestine. However, faecal culture may be only intermittent positive, since the survival of S. typhi and its growth in faecal culture depend on the type of faeces and the inhibitory effect of normal fecal flora. Carcinogenic status can occur after clinical or subclinical infection, and patients with gallbladder disease often tend to become carriers. Therefore, the chance of becoming a carrier increases with the age at which the infection occurs, and women are more common than men. So far there is no easy way to detect carriers in a large population