目的:研究常州市区7～12岁年龄组的儿童高血压患病率情况,为高血压预防提供依据。方法:采用整群抽样方法,以常州市教委直属4所小学6 016例小学生为调查对象,以《中国学生体质与健康研究》评价调查对象的高血压发生率。结果:从6 016例儿童中,实际监测血压5 991例,检出血压偏高者392例占6.54%。男性儿童3 109例,检出血压偏高者272例占8.75%,女性儿童2 882例,检出血压偏高者120例占4.16%。不同性别血压偏高的发生率差别具有统计学意义(χ2=50.87,P<0.005),即男性儿童显著高于女性儿童。将5 991例儿童分为非超重、超重、肥胖三组,分别观察血压偏高发生率及进行两两比较,血压偏高发生率是非超重组<超重组<肥胖组,血压偏高的发生率差别具有统计学意义(χ2分别为13.09、100.22,均P<0.005),即肥胖组显著高于超重组,超重组显著高于非超重组。结论:在儿童中对高血压易患者进行早期识别及干预,对预防成人高血压有重要意义。 Objective: To study the prevalence of hypertension in children aged 7 ~ 12 years in Changzhou urban area and provide basis for prevention of hypertension. Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the prevalence of hypertension among 6 016 primary school students in 4 primary schools directly under the Education Commission of Changzhou City. The “Chinese Students Physique and Health Study” was used to evaluate the incidence of hypertension. Results: Of the 6 016 children, 5 991 were actually monitored, and 392 were detected with high blood pressure accounting for 6.54%. There were 3 109 cases of male children, of whom 272 cases accounted for 8.75% of the cases with high blood pressure and 2,882 cases of female children. Among them, 120 cases (4.16%) had higher blood pressure. The incidence of high blood pressure among different sexes was statistically different (χ2 = 50.87, P <0.005), that is, male children were significantly higher than female children. 5 991 children were divided into three groups: non-overweight, overweight and obesity. The incidence of high blood pressure was observed and compared with each other. The incidence of high blood pressure was the incidence of high blood pressure in non-overweight group (Χ2 = 13.09, 100.22, respectively, P <0.005), that is, the obesity group was significantly higher than the overweight group, the overweight group was significantly higher than the non-overweight group. Conclusion: Early identification and intervention of hypertension-prone children in children is of great significance in preventing adult hypertension.